ABC Chemistry Blog · Blog

Particle in a box derivation for IIT-JAM, CSIR-NET and GATE Chemistry: boundary conditions, normalisation, energy levels, degeneracy in 3D, and the errors

Woodward-Hoffmann rules explained for IIT-JAM and CSIR-NET: electrocyclic, cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions, with the electron-count table and

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Gibbs phase rule explained with one-component phase diagrams: degrees of freedom, triple point, critical point, and the Clausius-Clapeyron slope.

Polymerisation mechanisms: chain growth vs step growth, free radical ionic and coordination polymerisation, molar mass versus conversion, and tacticity.

Class 12 polymers: classification by source, structure and forces, addition vs condensation polymerisation, copolymers, biodegradable polymers and key named

Potentiometric vs conductometric titrations for CSIR-NET, GATE and IIT-JAM: how equivalence points are found, and which method suits which titration.

Previous Year Question Papers of Chemistry Class 12 – Download PDF Practicing previous year question papers of Class 12 Chemistry is one of the most

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Conditional probability and Bayes theorem for Class 12 Maths with a fully solved two-bag example and exam tips.

Protecting groups in organic synthesis: the three requirements, common protecting groups for alcohols, carbonyls and amines, and orthogonal protection

Question 1 The two compounds given below are: (a) Enantiomers (b) Identical (c) Diastereomers (d) Regioisomers Submit Correct Answer: (b) Identical

How to draw organic mechanisms: curly arrow conventions, where arrows start and end, formal charge checking, and the errors that lose marks.

Class 11 redox — assigning oxidation numbers without guessing, and balancing in acidic and basic medium by the ion-electron method, step by step.

Class 11 redox reactions: rules for assigning oxidation numbers, the oxidation-number method, the ion-electron method in acidic and basic media, and worked

Class 12 Relations and Functions explained — reflexive, symmetric and transitive relations, equivalence classes, one-one and onto functions, composition and

Retrosynthetic analysis explained: disconnections, synthons and reagent equivalents, functional group interconversion, and the common disconnection patterns.

Class 11 s-block elements: trends in alkali and alkaline earth metals, anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium, diagonal relationship, and important

Class 11 sequences and series — AP and GP formulas used correctly, the AM–GM inequality, special sums, and the errors that cost marks in board papers.

Sigmatropic rearrangements explained: [1,5] and [3,3] shifts, how to number them, Cope and Claisen rearrangements, and chair transition state stereochemistry.

Silicates classified by corner sharing: ortho, pyro, cyclic, chain, sheet and framework silicates, plus silicone structure, properties and uses.

Class 12 Solid State made simple — unit cell types, atoms per cell, packing efficiency and the density formula worked step by step, with the errors that cost

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Solid state for IIT-JAM, CSIR-NET and GATE: close packing, unit cell calculations, tetrahedral and octahedral voids, radius ratio rules, defects and band

Solubility product explained: relationship to solubility, ionic product vs Ksp, common ion effect, selective precipitation and the salt effect.

Stability constants in coordination chemistry: stepwise and overall constants, the chelate effect explained thermodynamically, the macrocyclic effect and

Class 11 states of matter: Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac laws, the ideal gas equation, kinetic molecular theory, real gas deviations and the van der Waals

Partition function explained: definition, physical meaning, translational rotational vibrational and electronic contributions, and derivation of

Steady-state approximation explained with three fully worked kinetics problems, plus when the approximation is valid and how it differs from pre-equilibrium.

Stereochemistry of rings: cis and trans on rings, decalin ring fusion, conformational locking, bridged bicyclics and Bredt rule.

Supramolecular chemistry for entrance exams: crown ether and cryptand nomenclature, cavity size selectivity for alkali metal ions, the macrocyclic and

Langmuir adsorption isotherm derivation, assumptions and limitations, linear form for plotting, comparison with Freundlich and BET, and its role in

Term symbols and Russell-Saunders coupling explained step by step, with Hund rules for the ground state and worked examples for common configurations.

Terpenes and the isoprene rule: classification by carbon count, head-to-tail joining, locating isoprene units in a structure, and biosynthetic origin.

Class 11 thermodynamics explained: first law and sign conventions, ΔU vs ΔH, the ΔnᵍRT relation, and how Hess