(a)an iminium ion, [3, 3]-sigmatropic shift and Mannich reaction.
(b)a nitrenium ion, [3, 3]-sigmatropic shift and Michael reaction.
(c)an iminium ion, [1, 3]-sigmatropic shift and Mannich reaction.
(d)a nitrenium ion, [1,3]-sigmatropic shift and Michael reaction.
Answer
Answer: A ✓ checked by 4AB · confidence high
Explanation
The aldehyde and methylamine form an iminium ion; a cationic 2-aza-Cope ([3,3]) rearrangement then places the enol and the new iminium for an intramolecular Mannich cyclisation (aza-Cope/Mannich).